Recognize Diabetes in Children

Initiative of the International Diabetes Federation and WHO, is celebrated every 14 November as World Diabetes Day. It marks the anniversary of Dr. Frederick Banting who discovered insulin plays: hormone treatment of diabetes which saved many lives. Then, do you know diabetes in children?

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, more than 220 million people worldwide have diabetes. This amount may be more than 2-fold by 2030 without intervention together. Nearly 80 percent of deaths occurred in patients with diabetic lower-middle income countries.
Amid these conditions, the attention of many parties are still largely focused on adult diabetics. In fact, children with diabetes require no less attention and assistance.
World Diabetes Foundation recommends to suspect diabetes if there is a child with typical clinical symptoms, namely 3P and blood sugar levels (GD) high, above 200 mg / dl. GD is high causing the sugar molecules present in the urine, which normally does not contain sugar, so from that used to be called diabetes.
Symptoms of 3P is polifagi (often eating because repeated hunger), polidipsi (often drink because of thirst repeated), and polyuria (frequent urination, including incontinence at night in children who usually have no incontinence, or recurrent urinary leave during hours lessons in the classroom).
Diabetes in children is commonly called type 1, the pancreas is damaged and no longer able to produce adequate amounts of insulin leading to absolute insulin deficit. In contrast, diabetes in adults is commonly called type 2, ie there is damage to body cells despite adequate insulin is actually available so that the relative insulin deficit.
Type 1 diabetes in children is often preceded by complaints of recurrent abdominal pain and a history of viral infections, such as parotitis (or gondhongen), chickenpox (cangkrangen), acute diarrhea, and flu singapore (HMFD), which followed the spread of the virus up to and damage the pancreas.
Complication
Diabetes complications cause acute (short term) and chronic (long term). Acute complications that can lead to death of patients is hyperglycemia (high GD) because untreated diabetes and hypoglycemia (low GD) due to excessive treatment.
Chronic complications are the major blood vessel abnormalities in the heart and brain or small blood vessels in the eye, kidney, and nerve fibers. Hyperglycemia can cause a child is always hungry, frequent urination, dehydration, weakness, seizures, decreased consciousness, and died suddenly. Hypoglycemia often makes child's emotional, irritable, tired, cold sweats, fainting, and permanent cell damage that interfere with organ function and process of development of the child.
Coronary heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, numbness, or died in young adulthood is a chronic complication of diabetes that usually occurs after the child is a teenager.
Complications of acute hyperglycemia is now the entry point of the doctor's suspicion of diabetes in children. The existence of shock, dehydration, seizures, coma, and sudden death was presumably caused by common diseases, like dengue fever, acute diarrhea, pneumonia, brain infection, appendicitis, or other diseases more often.
If not suspected diabetes and GD is not checked, pediatric patients will almost certainly die from medical errors governance with the final diagnosis is not straight.
Treatment
Type 1 diabetes in children requiring treatment with insulin injections, in contrast to adults who require more oral anti-diabetic drug (OAD) is swallowed. Insulin is given to overcome acute complications, prevent premature death, reduce the risk of chronic complications, and support the daily activities with peers, including optimal growth process.
Children with diabetes should be given insulin injections for life despite being sick, healthy, traveling, or staying outside the home, even in other activities.
Settings eating and exercise are equally important. However, children do not need to diet or reducing the size of the meal as adult patients, except if the child is overweight (obese).
All children, despite suffering from diabetes, have enough food to support the growth process. Sports and play any kind of game, including those of exertion with peers, should also remain to be done and should not be restricted.
Sports and play together is an activity that should be well planned so that the dose of insulin can be adjusted with high and low GD, due to increased muscle work in sports activities and play it.
World Diabetes Day on November 14 was also a reminder of the presence of diabetes in children that need to be wary of. Insulin injection as soon as possible, every day, and a lifetime is an important pillar in the treatment of diabetes in children.